Francis Bicknell Carpenter, First Reading of the Emancipation Proclamation by President Lincoln, 1864. From left: Secretary of War Edwin Stanton, Secretary of the Treasury Salmon Chase, Lincoln, Secretary of the Navy Gideon Welles, Secretary of the Interior Caleb Smith and Attorney General Edward Bates (both standing), Secretary of State William Seward (seated in the foreground), and Postmaster General Montgomery Blair. U.S. Senate
The Slave Map
Jack D. Warren, Jr.
November 4, 2025

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Map Showing the Distribution of the Slave Population of the Southern States of the United States Compiled from the Census of 1860, engraved by Thomas Leonhardt after a map drawn by Edwin Hergesheimer (Washington: Henry S. Graham, September 1861). Library of Congress

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